![]() After restricting to people 40–79 years old who smoked ≤40 cigarettes per day at enrollment, we fit Poisson models for four age groups and evaluated lung cancer mortality ( M) in relation to smoking duration ( D) and intensity ( I) on a double-log scale, as suggested by the Armitage-Doll multistage carcinogenesis model. We studied participants in the Cancer Prevention Study II, followed from 1982 through 1988. The separate contributions of smoking duration and intensity to lung cancer risk have not been evaluated in other large prospective studies. Their findings have been interpreted to mean that smoking duration is much more important than smoking intensity in causing lung cancer. Health, 32: 303–313, 1978) in their historic analysis of one of the few large cohort studies in which intensity and duration were estimated separately. The earlier you quit, the greater the benefit.The magnitude of the effect of smoking duration on lung cancer mortality relative to that of intensity (cigarettes/day) has practical implications for both tobacco control policy and research. Quitting smoking can reduce your risk of health problems. Smoking even just one cigarette per day over a lifetime can cause smoking-related cancers and premature death. Remember, there is no safe level of tobacco use. It also increases your risk of getting heart disease, gum disease, and oral lesions. Smokeless tobacco can cause certain cancers, including oral cancer. Smokeless tobacco, such as chewing tobacco and snuff, is also bad for your health. E-cigarettes also expose non-smokers to secondhand aerosols (rather than secondhand smoke), which contain harmful chemicals. We do know they contain nicotine, the same addictive substance in tobacco cigarettes. Not much is known about the health risks of using them. ![]() They are battery-operated smoking devices. Some cigars contain as much tobacco as an entire pack of cigarettes.Į-cigarettes often look like cigarettes, but they work differently. These forms of tobacco also contain harmful chemicals and nicotine. Some people smoke tobacco in cigars and water pipes (hookahs). Are other forms of tobacco also dangerous?īesides cigarettes, there are several other forms of tobacco. Mothers who breathe secondhand smoke while pregnant are more likely to have preterm labor and babies with low birth weight. Children exposed to secondhand smoke have a higher risk of ear infections, colds, pneumonia, bronchitis, and more severe asthma. This includes heart disease and lung cancer. Your smoke is also bad for other people - they breathe in your smoke secondhand and can get many of the same problems as smokers do. What are the health risks of secondhand smoke? Nicotine addiction makes it much harder for people to quit smoking. Smoking also causes addiction to nicotine, a stimulant drug that is in tobacco. Their babies are also at higher risk of dying of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). ![]() Women who smoke while pregnant have a greater chance of certain pregnancy problems.
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